Activity 1.2
1. Data is enters into a computer through the use of a IMPUT device. 2. List two (2) keyboard designs that are currently being used. Two types of keyboard designs are: Deorak and Qwerty 3. Using the Internet find examples of three (3) different keyboard styles. Three examples of diferent keeyboard styles are: Vertical Keyboards, Chording Keyboards, Dvorak Key Layout 4. List three (3) different types of mice. Three different types of mice are: Mechanical, Opto-mechanical and Optical 5. A mouse can be connected to a computer through each of the following ports; __________, __________, and __________. A mouse can be connected to a computer throught a ps/2 a serial and a USB 6. How does a Joystick differ from a mouse? A joystick will keep going when you push it forward while a mouse will stop. 7. Describe the media used in a CD-Rom drive. The media usually used is 700MB 8. The best digital cameras available now can store images up to __________ mega pixel. The most mega pixels now days is about 10 MP 9. What is the fastest CD-Rom speed currently available to the consumer? The fastest I have seen is 52x 10. What is the capacity of a DVD? The capacity is 4.6 GB 11. Where would you expect to find MICR technology used? You can find MICR technology in Banks and other large buisness (Gov.)Activity 1.3
1. What is an I/O Device? A Device that can Imput and accept information. 2. List the three (3) physical sizes of floppy disks that have been used. Three types of physical sizes for floppy disks are 8", 5.1/4" and a 3.5" 3. Floppy drives are found in almost every computer system created now. What is the most common capacity of these drives? The most common size of floppies found is the High Destiny 1.44MB. 4. Mac floppy drives support three (3) floppy drive capacities, what are they? MAC floppies come in sizes of 400KB, 800KB and 1.2KB. 5. Winchester drive refers to what type of drive? A Winchester drive is computer hardware that holds and spins a magnetic or optical disk and reads and writes information on it. 6. Hard drives are connected to the computer using an interface, list three (3). Three types of hard drive interfaces are: SCSI (scuzzy), IDE (EIDE or ATA) and FireWire 7. List three (3) examples of removable hard drives. Three types of removable hard drives are X'S-Drive II, USB Card Reader and a Floppie Disk 8. Worm drives use what type of technology to write data to the media? Write Once Read Many devices were used as a old style of burning. 9. What is the capacity of a CD-R disk? The capacity of a CD-R disk is 700 MB or 80 Min. of song. 10. CD-RW's are advertised with 3 speed settings, similar to 12X 8X 36X. What do the three (3) speeds represent? The three speeds that are advertised with CD-RW's relate to how fast the disk can be written on. 11. List three (3) devices that use optical media. DVDs, CDs, and DVD/CD-RW drives. 12. What is the maximum speed of a modem that uses a conventional phone line? The maximum speed if a modem that uses a conventional phone line is 56K 13. List three (3) types of modems. LCD, Flat Screen and Plasma 14. NIC stands for __________ __________ _________. NIC stads fo Network Interface Card. 15. List four (4) network speeds possible with different NICs. Four speeds possible with different NICs are: 10MBpS, 100MBpS, 10/100 MBps and 1 GB configurations 16. Explain what makes a sound card an I/O device. It is a I/O device because it allows you to record to your computer as well as let you listen to media on the computer. 17. What are tape drives used for? Tape drives are used as a type external hard drive. They can have anywhere for 2 to 24 GB of space on them.Activity 1.5 1.Primary storage is made up of __________ and __________ memory. RAM and ROM 2. What type of memory does Firmware use? PROM, EPROM, EEPROM 3. List three (3) types of Read Only Memory. PROM EEPROM EPROM 4. What is cache memory and what is its advantage over regular memory? It is faster. 5. List four (4) RAM form factors. DIPP,SIPP, SIMM, DIMM 6. SIMM's come in two (2) sizes a __________ pin and __________ pin version. 7. DRAM stands for __________ __________ __________ __________. Dynamic Ram 8. List six (6) different types of DRAM. FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, BEDO DRAM, NVRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDAM 9. What is DDR SDRAM? Double Data Rate SDRAM 10. PC-800 refers to what type of memory and how fast is it? 11. A MB is __________ bytes. 1 048 576 bytes 12. Chip which contains the system BIOS, setup configuration information, and the date/time is called the __________. CMOS 13. What is the difference between 'volatile' memory and 'non-volatile' memory? Volatile memory whipes when you power down, non-volatile stays on the computer after shutdown. 14. What is a PROM? is a blank ROM chip that can be written to once. This makes it possible to create ROM chips for specialized purposes. 15. What is an EPROM? is similar to PROMs, except that they can be erased. This is normally done by shining ultraviolet light onto the ROM chip. This erases the data, allowing the chip to be rewritten. The chip has a small window, to provide entry for the ultraviolet light. This window is normally covered with a sticky paper dot (kind of like a window blind) so that the EPROM is not accidentally erased. 16. What is Flash BIOS, AND, what is it good for? Special software programs are used to rewrite this type of ROM. Flash BIOS allows you to upgrade your BIOS. Programed on the EEPROM 17. Is RAM volatile or non-volatile memory? RAM is volatile memory. 18. What is "Parity?" Parity checking is an error-checking system for a computer's memory. A parity check adds 1 bit to every 8 bits which are moved in or out of the computer's memory. This one bit is called the parity bit. It will be a 1 or 0 depending on the number of ones or zeros in the 8 bits that it is added to. The operating system compares the included bit with what it determines should be there. Inconsistencies generate a parity error. Note: not all memory checks parity. 19. What is "Shadow RAM?" Shadowing is a technique that loads the system BIOS and/or the video BIOS into RAM. This is done because RAM memory chips are much faster than ROM memory chips. The shadowing would normally occur during the boot process, and should increase the overall performance of the system. 20. Why do they load the BIOS into RAM? Because RAM is faster than ROM. 21. What is "Cache" memory? Cache is high speed memory used to store frequently used program instructions and data for the CPU, allowing for faster program execution. Cache memory comes in two types, L1 and L2. The most current CPUs (AMD's Athlon and Thunderbird, as well as Intel's PIII) have cache memory (the Level 1 or L1 cache) 'on die.' Intel’s current Pentium IIIs, and AMD's Athlons come with a full 128K of on die L1 cache. The L1 cache can be supplemented with a Level 2 (L2) cache that is external to the CPU. 22.Why do they store some program instructions in RAM? It stores the Instructions of a program being used by the computer. Because it can be written to and read, it is alot easier to use than ROM. 23.What are the two types of Cache memory? L1 and L2 are two types of Cache memory 24. Where do current CPUs have their L1 cache memory? On the CPU chip 25..Where is L2 cache? It is external. 26. List 4 form factors for RAM. SIMM, DIMM, DIPP and SIPP are four RAM factors. 27. How wide is a DIMM's data path? A DIMM's data path is 168 pins. 28. Where is a system's BIOS stored? CMOS 29. Name three features found in current RAM modules. Parity, Shadow RAM, and Cache RAM. 30. Is RAM cache the same as Disk cache? No, RAM cache is not the same as a 'disk cache.' A disk cache uses memory to store data from the hard disk, but it could be a dedicated portion of your system memory or additional memory chips on the disk controller board. The purpose of the disk cache is to cut down on reads from the disk drive, thereby optimizing overall system performance. 31. What is "memory latency?" Memory Latency is which is the time taken to access the memory 32. What determines the speed of SDRAM? SDRAM is directly dependent on the clock speed of the system 33. How long can SRAM store data before the data has to be refreshed? SRAM can store data indefinatly as long as power is left on. 34. What is VRAM used for? VRAM is used for video cards. 35. How frequently does DRAM have to be refreshed to store its data? DRAM must have its data continually rewritten in order for it to maintain that data. Activity 1.6 1. What do the read/write heads of a hard drive actually do, to record a one or a zero? 2. What are the primary divisions of a hard disk platter called? 3.What are "sectors?" 4. With reference to a hard drive, what is a "cylinder?" 5. What is the number of the outermost track? 6. What happens when a hard drive is partitioned? 7. Which sector of a hard drive holds the partition table? Provide sector, side, and cylinder number. 8. What two things happen when a hard drive is formatted? 9. Where is the "boot record" placed? 10. What two types of files are stored in the boot record? 11. Why does the operating system come with disk management utilities? 12. What does "SCANDISK" do? 13. Which disk management utility will delete a partition? 14. What characteristic of their storage media do magnetic storage devices take advantage of to record data? 15. What are partitions? 16. What are the two types of partitions? 17. Which two operating systems must be stored in a primary partition? 18. Give the address of the sector which stores the partition table. 19. When is a drives FAT initialized? 20. What is the foundational structure for all directories and files? 21. What creates a partition's root directory? 22. When does the user low-level format an IDE drive? 23. List the three occasions when SCANDISK should be used. 24. What is disk fragmentation? 25. What disk management utility is used to correct a fragmentation problem? 26. What is the minimum time between defraggings of a drive? 27. What is the most common problem source for a computer system? 28. Which disk management utility can set the primary partition on the boot disk to the 'active' state. 29. What does FAT stand for? 30. What utility does NT use to setup a disk? 31. What is the most common use for the SYS utility? 32. What are the two steps involved in formatting a floppy disk? 33. What is the command to display the different parameters of the FORMAT command, AND, where is it used? 34. Is it the pit or the land, on a CD surface, that is translated as a zero? 35. What is the recording media in Flash memory? 36. Is Flash memory volatile, or non-volatile?